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An independent way to measure the overall geometry of the universe is to determine the largest angular size of the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation. If the universe is open, then the fluctuations are largest on the half-degree scale. If the universe is flat, then the fluctuations are largest on the degree scale and if the universe is closed, the fluctuations will be largest on even larger scales. The resolution of the instruments on the COBE satellite were not good enough to definitively measure the angular sizes of the fluctuations. A follow-up to the COBE mission called the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) will have the resolution to determine the curvature of the universe to within 5%. To find out more about how MAP will do this, go to their geometry page.